Multiple
Choice
11.
Among the new Byzantine features that appeared in
the mosaics at San Vitale is ____. B) the absence of solid bodies.
22.
The dome of the Hagia Sophia is supported by
____. B) Pendentives
33.
At the Cordoba maqsura, the architects experimented
with ____ D)decorative,
multilobed arches
44.
The Great Mosque at Córdoba has a hypostyle
prayer hall with horseshoe-shaped arches adapted from which of the following? B) Visigoths
55.
The positioning of all mosques, no matter period
or country, must be oriented toward which of the following cities? B) Mecca
66.
In the mid-10th century, the eastern part of the
Carolingian empire was consolidated under the rule of the ____. B) Ottonians
77.
In the image of Saint Matthew from the Ebbo
Gospels, the artist merged classical illusionism with ____. B) the northern linear tradition
88.
The symbol of Matthew from the Book of Durrow
shows frontal head, profile feet, and a cloak and frame that resemble
contemporaneous cloisonné metalwork. Which of the following statements explains
this work? B) Wedding the abstraction of
early medieval adornment and early Christian and Byzantine pictorial imagery.
Essay Questions: 10 points each. Answer with at least one
paragraph.
1. Discuss the consequences
of the Iconoclasm and its effect on Early Byzantine art. How did the Iconoclasm
affect Middle Byzaitine art? Include in your discussion the reasons for the
iconoclasm. Use examples to support your essay. Pages 271–272
The Iconoclasm was the
destruction of religious artifacts or icons which were used in worship. A consequence
of the Iconoclasm was, we lost some of the historical artifacts that could have
helped us to better understand the history of humanity better. In my opinion,
the Iconoclasm was purposeful in that it showed the Christians of the time that
idol worship, even if you do not consciously know you are doing it, is not what
their God wants. It affected Early Byzantine art by erasing existence of
portrayals of Jesus Christ, Mary, and the saints, while destroying countless
other works from the first years of Christianity. The Iconoclasm is majority of
the reason for there not being many documents or collected historical items
from the early Byzantine era. The Iconoclasm was condemned in the Middle
Byzantine period when two female regents repealed it.
2. Compare the mosaics of
Saint Catherine, Sinai, and San Vitale, Ravenna. What changes have been
incorporated into San Vitale, and why? Pages 257, 265–267, and 268–269
The mosaics of Saint Catherine
in Sinai, do not have superfluous backgrounds of decoration like those of the
San Vitale. Saint Catherine’s mosaics are elaborate in being mosaics but very
simple in design. San Vitale’s mosaics have a lot going on. Changes were
incorporated into them to reveal the new Byzantine style and for proxies of the
absent historical or Biblical figures.
3. Compare
and contrast the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem with the Mosque of Selim II in
Edirne. What are the differences? How do you account for them? Include in your
essay the political overtones as well as western artistic influences. Use
examples to support your essay. Pages 287–289 and 301–302
The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is very different from
the Mosque of Selim II in Erdine. First, it is in the shape of an octagon with
a dome on top. This was the first mosque after Muslims conquered Byzantium and
marked the new religion of one of the most popular Jewish and Christian cities
in the world. It served as a disrespectful action to Christians and Jews
because it was specifically placed near the supposed location of Adam’s grave,
where Abraham nearly sacrificed Isaac, and on the ruins of the Temple of King
Solomon. The Mosque of Selim 11 in Erdine, however, was made using
strategically placed geometric shapes and units. It was the capital of the
Ottoman Empire for many years. It consisted of a large dome, four large, pencil
like minarets and a genius interior.
4. Critically
evaluate the bronze doors of the abbey church at Hildesheim. How did they
revive a monumental sculptural tradition? What religious and philosophical
components went into the iconographic program? What outside influences are also
reflected in these doors? Pages 330–332
The Bronze doors of the Abbey Church at Hildesheim, were
scriptural in that they displayed Biblical scenes and themes on each panel.
Some of the images on them were the scene of Adam and Eve and the Crucifixion.
Other images or influences on the doors are the redemption of humanity, the expulsion
from Paradise, and the infancy and suffering of Christ.
5. Compare
and contrast Carolingian and Ottonian architecture. Consider the development
and evolution in architectural styles and attendant sculptural programs. Use
specific examples to support your essay. Pages 324–330
Carolingian architecture was the
first vaulted structure in the northern alps of the Middle Ages. It was built
using a simple plan and extensions with root in the center. It was created with
a geometric design. They converted an old Byzantine building into one that
expressed strength and structure. Ottoman architecture followed the designs of
the Carolingians in that they enriched Christianity with their buildings and
designs. A great example of this are the Torhalle and the Abbey Church.
Extra
Credit
Compare
and contrast the Utrecht Psalter with the Lectionary of Henry II.
Discuss the subject and the execution. Also consider the period of each work as
well as the individual patron of each work.
Pages 311, 323–324, 335–336
The Utrecht Psalter is a very important
book with illustrations and writings of Psalm 23. The Lectionary of Henry 11
uses illustrations and landscapes of the Carolingian- Ottoman narratives with
the Byzantine background. The two works differ in that the Utrecht had writing
or calligraphy and a few simple drawings while the Lectionary of Henry II are
simple in design and execution, without any writing. The Lectionary was made in
1002-1014 in Germany when images of Christ, Mary, and any other Biblical
character was accepted. The Utrecht was made in 820-835. It was made using
loose linear style for dramatic emphasize on the context and occurrences in the
text.
